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Climate change, nature degradation and the central bank mandate

Climate change and nature degradation are becoming harder for central banks and supervisors to regard as matters outside their mandate. Their relevance arises from the ways in which they affect macroeconomic conditions, financial stability and the functioning of the financial system.

Physical climate events, including droughts, floods and extreme weather, can disrupt production, damage infrastructure and increase volatility in sectors such as agriculture, energy and transport. These disruptions can place pressure on prices, affect output and add complexity to the conduct of monetary policy. At the same time, climate and nature-related risks can weaken asset and collateral values, expose vulnerabilities in the banking sector and reduce the resilience of the wider economy. In this sense, the question for central banks is no longer whether these issues matter, but how to address them in a way that remains firmly anchored in their mandates.

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27/04/2026 | Naufiku Hamunime

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Economic fallout of the Middle East conflict as a primary driver of global policy

In my latest blog, I wish to offer some reflections following the recent 2026 IMF/World Bank Spring Meetings. The just ended Spring Meetings was dominated by a sobering outlook, highlighting a global economy underpinned by sluggish growth, persistent inflation, and heightened risks from geopolitical fragmentation. According to the IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook (WEO), global economic growth is projected to slow to 3.1 percent this year and could drop further if the consequences of the war in the Middle East prove more severe than currently anticipated.

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27/04/2026 | Ebson Uanguta

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